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J Acupunct Res > Volume 37(3); 2020 > Article |
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First author (y) [ref] | Sample size total (I:C) | Intervention group | Control group | Outcome measurements | Summary of results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wang (2015) [9] | 60 (30:30) | Ginger moxibustion (n = 30) | Glucosamine sulfate potassium capsule 0.75 g/d + intra-articular injection (sodium hyaluronate, 2 mL/week) (n = 30) | WOMAC (total) |
(I vs C, baseline→immediate post treatment) WOMAC total: 69.13 ± 6.2→35.33 ± 17.27 (p = 0) vs 69.3 ± 5.58→45.67 ± 13.22 (p = 0). IG vs CG (p = 0.012) |
Cheng (2008) [10] | 120 (60:60) | Moxibustion (n = 60) | Diclofenac sodium 75 mg/d (n = 60) | NRS |
(I vs C, baseline→immediate post treatment) NRS: 6.42 ± 2.32→1.13 ± 0.87 (p < 0.01) vs 6.31 ± 2.41→1.28 ± 0.85 (p < 0.05). IG vs CG (ns) |
Zhang (2015) [11] | 185 (48:46:43:48) | IG: Moxibustion (n = 48) |
CG1: Rehabilitation therapy (n = 46) CG2: Moxibustion + rehabilitation therapy (n = 43) CG3: Celecoxib 200 mg/d (n = 48) |
1) WOMAC score 2) VAS |
(I vs C1 vs C2 vs C3, Baseline→ immediate post treatment) 1) WOMAC total: 32.47 ± 3.91 vs 41.23 ± 8.85 vs 44.2 ± 7.24 vs 29.36 ± 5.28. IG vs CG1 (p < 0.05), IG vs CG2 (p < 0.05), IG vs CG3 (NS). 2) VAS: 2.47 ± 0.67 vs 4.62 ± 0.92 vs 4.44 ± 0.83 vs 3.35 ± 0.81. IG vs CG1 (p < 0.05), IG vs CG2 (p < 0.05), IG vs CG3 (p < 0.05) |
Ren (2011) [12] | 59 (31:28) | Moxibustion (n = 31) | Placebo moxibustion (n = 28) | WOMAC score |
(I vs C, Baseline→12 wk after treatment) 1) WOMAC pain: 32.42 ± 16.97→12.67 ± 7.51 (p < 0.01) vs 26.94 ± 13.13→22.47 ± 15.41. IG vs CG (p < 0.01) 2) WOMAC function: 32.07 ± 16.7→15.39 ± 12.56 (p < 0.01) vs 28.35 ± 15.06→23.73 ± 18.07. IG vs CG (p < 0.05) 3)WOMAC stiffness: 37.15 ± 22.73→15.39 ± 11.74 (p < 0.01) vs 33.95 ± 20.49→26.18 ± 22.6. IG vs CG (p < 0.05) |
Zhao (2013) [13] | 87 (35:33:19) |
IG1: moxibustion (n = 35) IG2: EA (n = 33) |
Celebrex 0.2 g/d (n = 19) |
1) VAS 2) knee-joint function score (IAC Lennox + Lysholm) |
(I1 vs I2 vs C, immediate post treatment) 1) VAS: 3.41 ± 1.73 vs 3.43 ± 1.89 vs 2.56 ± 1.47. IG1 vs CG (p < 0.05), IG2 vs CG (p < 0.05) 2) knee-joint function score: 89.11 ± 10.47 vs 88.7 ± 11.54 vs 71.63 ± 18.69. IG1 vs CG (p < 0.05), IG2 vs CG (p < 0.05) |
Zhang (2011) [14] | 60 (30:30) | Moxibustion (n = 30) | Celecoxib 200 mg/d (n = 30) |
1) VAS 2) Effective rate |
(I vs C, immediate post treatment) 1) VAS: 5.1 ± 1.33 vs 5 ± 1.63 2) Effective rate: 25/30 (83.3%) vs 26/30 (86.6%) |
Zhou (2014) [15] | 105 (39:44:22) | Moxibustion (n = 39) | CG1: EA (n = 44) CG2: Celebrex 0.2 g/d (n = 22) | VAS |
(I vs C1 vs C2, immediate post treatment) VAS: 2.76 ± 1.95 vs 3.07 ± 1.62 vs 3.65 ± 1.42 |
Wu (2011) [16] | 31 (15:16) | Laser moxibustion | Sham laser moxibustion | SF-36 |
(I vs C, Baseline→8 wk after treatment) 1) SF-36 PF (physical): 60.67 ± 16.78→75 ± 13.09 (p < 0.05) vs 60.31 ± 15.65→65.31 ± 13.96 2) SF-36 VT (physical & mental): 50.33 ± 21.25→55 ± 21.04 vs 49.38 ± 16.62→50 ± 15.38 3) SF-36 MH (mental): 58.4 ± 22.52→60.27 ± 14.61 vs 69.5 ± 15.03→64.5 ± 11.94 4) SF-36 SF (physical & mental): 67.5 ± 19.93→75 ± 15.67 vs 73.44 ± 12.81→75.78 ± 9.64 5) SF-36 BP (physical): 54.5 ± 14.52→63.83 ± 16.58 vs 64.22 ± 10.98→64.38 ± 9.77 6) SF-36 GH (physical & mental): 40 ± 21.88→46 ± 19.01 vs 43.75 ± 9.22→43.75 ± 9.04 |
Sun (2008) [17] | 56 (29:27) | Aconite cake-separated moxibustion (n = 29) | Sodium diclofenate slow-released tablet 75 mg/d (n = 27) | Effective rate |
(I vs C, immediate post treatment, 10 wk after treatment) 1) effective rate: 39/41 vs 35/39. IG vs CG (NS) 2) markedly effective rate: 26/41 (63.4%) vs 19/39(48.7%). IG vs CG (p < 0.05) |
Deng (2015) [18] | 70 (35:35) | Salt moxibustion (n = 35) | Ibuprofen 0.6 g/d (n = 35) |
1) WOMAC (total) 2) Effective rate |
(I vs C, immediate post treatment) 1) WOMAC total: 22.63 ± 9.54 vs 31.22 ± 8.62. IG vs CG (p < 0.05) 2) effective rate: 32/35 (91.43%) vs 26/35 (74.29%). IG vs CG (p < 0.05) |
Yuan (2015) [19] | 148 (74:74) | Heat-sensitive point Thunder-fire moxibustion (n = 74) | Medication (diclofenac sodium enteric-coated tablet, 100 mg/d) |
1) VAS 2) WOMAC (total) |
(I vs C, immediate post treatment) 1) VAS: 24.07 ± 2.83 vs 36.22 ± 2.32. IG vs CG (p < 0.01) 2) WOMAC total: 14.15 ± 4.81 vs 15.12 ± 4.82. IG vs CG (p < 0.01) |
Deng (2015) [20] | 80 (40:40) | Salt moxibustion (n = 40) | Ibuprofen 0.6 g/d (n = 40) | VAS |
(I vs C, baseline→immediate post treatment) VAS: 6.89 ± 1.28→0.98 ± 0.63 (p < 0.05) vs 7.08 ± 2.06→ 1.01 ± 0.86 (p < 0.05). IG vs CG (p < 0.05) |
Yang (2008) [21] | 64 (33:31) | Notoginseng cake-separated moxibustion (n = 33) | Diclofenac sodium sustained release tablets 75 mg/d (n = 31) | Effective rate |
(I vs C, 5 session→2 months after treatment) Effective rate: IG vs CG (p < 0.05)→IG vs CG (p < 0.01) |
Song (2013) [22] | 80 (40:40) | Notoginseng cake-separated moxibustion (n = 40) | Diclofenac sodium sustained release tablets 75 mg/d (n = 40) | WOMAC (pain, stiffness, function) |
(I vs C, baseline→2 months after treatment) 1) WOMAC pain: 15.49 ± 1.22→7.48 ± 2.24 (p < 0.05) vs 15.39 ± 1.21→7.53 ± 2.25 (p < 0.05). IG vs CG (ns) 2) WOMAC stiffness: 4.21 ± 1.18→1.26 ± 0.76 (p < 0.05) vs 4.16 ± 1.2→3.09 ± 1.08 (p < 0.05). IG vs CG (p < 0.05) 3) WOMAC function: 48.51 ± 3.68→28.94 ± 3.77 (p < 0.05) vs 48.26 ± 34.08→34.08 ± 4.7024 (p < 0.05). IG vs CG (p < 0.05) |
Zhou (2010) [23] | 70 (35:35) | Notoginseng cake-separated moxibustion (n = 35) | Diclofenac sodium sustained release tablets 75 mg/d (n = 35) |
1) Effective rate 2) VAS (pain) |
(I vs C, 2 months after treatment) 1) Effective rate: 45/50 (90%) vs 39/48 (81.3%). IG vs CG (ns) 2) Markedly effective rate: 29/50 (58%) vs 18/48 (27.1%). IG vs CG (p < 0.05) 3) VAS: 5.53 ± 1.46 vs 5.31 ± 1.55. IG vs CG (ns) |
Ren (2015) [24] | 136 (69:67) | Moxibustion (n = 69) | Sham moxibustion (n = 67) | SF-36 |
(I vs C, Baseline→12 wk after treatment) 1) SF-36 PF (physical): 57.83 ± 16.88→63.99 ± 18.24 (p < 0.01) vs 60.15 ± 17.21→66.04 ± 14.42 (p < 0.01) 2) SF-36 RP (physical): 33.7 ± 37.33→57.49 ± 43.48 vs 42.91 ± 41.7→45.15 ± 40.88 3) SF-36 RE (mental): 49.76 ± 44.14→57.49 ± 43.87 vs 56.22 ± 41.52→50.25 ± 44.71 4) SF-36 VT (physical & mental): 53.55 ± 18.19 (p < 0.01)→59.42 ± 15.87 vs 52.99 ± 18.55→56.49 ± 3.09 5) SF-36 MH (mental): 78.62 ± 18.7→79.17 ± 13.33 vs 68.78 ± 15.84→66.99 ± 14.43 6) SF-36 SF (physical & mental): 58.55 ± 12.82→67.54 ± 14.45 vs 75 ± 16.71→78.54 ± 15.05 7) SF-36 BP (physical): 6.73 ± 2.35→3.03 ± 2.33 (p < 0.001) vs 57.69 ± 18.49→65.93 ± 13.53 (p < 0.01) 8) SF-36 GH (physical & mental): 50.29 ± 15.31→54.42 ± 15.92 (p < 0.05) vs 47.99 ± 15.88→48.43 ± 12.01 |
Wu (2011) [25] | 50 (24:26) | Heat-sensitive acupoint moxibustion (n = 24) | Intra-articular injection (sodium hyaluronate 2 mL/week) (n = 26) | Effective rate |
(I vs C, baseline→immediate post treatment) Effective rate: 23/24 (95.8%) vs 26/26 (100%). IG vs CG (ns) |
Chi (2016) [26] | 120 (40:40:40) | Heat-senitization acupoint moxibustion (n = 40) |
CG1: Moxibustion (n = 40) CG2: intra-articular sodium hyaluronate injection 2 mL/6 d (n = 40) |
Effective rate |
(I vs C1 vs C2, 6 months after the last moxibustion session) Effective rate: 50% vs 27.5% vs 30%. IG vs CG1 vs CG2 (p < 0.05) |
Zhao (2014) [27] | 110 (55:55) | Moxibustion (n = 55) | Sham moxibustion (n = 55) | WOMAC score |
(I vs C, Baseline→24 wk after treatment) 1) WOMAC pain: 6.73 ± 2.35→3.03 ± 2.33 vs 6.29 ± 2.7→4.56 ± 3.09. IG vs CG (p < 0.001) 2) WOMAC function: 33.47 ± 15.37→16.43 ± 12.16 vs 33.99 ± 17.82→21.7 ± 16.53. IG vs CG (p = 0.015) |
Bu (2018) [28] | 62 (31:31) | Heat-sensitive acupoint moxibustion (n = 31) | Diclofenac sodium gel (n = 31) | VAS |
(I vs C, baseline→immediate post treatment) VAS: 8.34 ± 0.98→2.01 ± 0.28 (p < 0.05) vs 8.12 ± 1.05→5.76 ± 0.71 (p < 0.05). IG vs CG (p < 0.05) |
Zhou (2017) [29] | 60 (30:30) | Moxibustion + placebo gel 12 g/d (n = 30) | Placebo moxibustion + diclofenac sodium gel 12 g/d (n = 30) |
1) WOMAC 2) VAS |
(I vs C, baseline→4 wk after treatment) 1) WOMAC total: 35.47 ± 15.45→19.37 ± 10.53 (p < 0.05) vs 35.73 ± 7.68→24.57 ± 5.32 (p < 0.05). IG vs CG (p = 0.043) 2) WOMAC pain: 8.07 ± 3.36→4.07 ± 2.16 (p < 0.05) vs 8.41 ± 2.29→4.37 ± 1.4 (p < 0.05). IG vs CG (p = 0.32) 3) WOMAC stiffness: 2.03 ± 1.99→1.07 ± 1.23 (p < 0.05) vs 2.07 ± 1.26→1.3 ± 0.84 (p < 0.05). IG vs CG (p = 0.195) 4) WOMAC function: 24.37 ± 11.43→14.23 ± 7.84 (p < 0.05) vs 25.27 ± 5.13→18.9 ± 3.93 (p < 0.05). IG vs CG (p = 0.036) 5) VAS: 3.98 ± 1.2→2.42 ± 0.86 (p < 0.05) vs 4.45 ± 1.01→2.67 ± 0.61 (p < 0.05). IG vs CG (p = 0.183) |
Zhang (2009) [30] | 60 (30:30) | Moxibustion (n = 30) | Placebo moxibustion + diclofenac sodium gel 12 g/d (n = 30) | Effective rate |
(I vs C, immediate post treatment) Effective rate: 83.33% vs 80%. IG vs CG (p < 0.01) |
Zheng (2017) [31] | 60 (30:30) | Acupuncture + ginger moxibustion (n = 30) | Acupucntrue (n = 30) | VAS |
(I vs C, baseline→immediate post treatment) VAS: 7.37 ± 1.56→2.27 ± 1.26 (p < 0.05) vs 7.1 ± 1.69→3.13 ± 1.53 (p < 0.05). IG vs CG (p < 0.05) |
Zhang (2010) [32] | 62 (32:30) | Non-scarring moxibustion + acupuncture (n = 32) | Acupuncture (n = 30) |
1) Effective rate 2) VAS |
(I vs C, immediate post treatment) 1) Effective rate: 30/32 (93.8%) vs 26/30 (86.7%). IG vs CG (p < 0.05) 2) VAS: 0.63 ± 0.35 vs 1.23 ± 1.18. IG vs CG (p < 0.01) |
He (2009) [33] | 60 (30:30) | Moxibustion + diclofenac sodium 75 mg/d (n = 30) | Diclofenac sodium 25 mg/d (n = 30) | Effective rate |
(I vs C, immediate post treatment) Effective rate: 27/30 (90%) vs 20/30 (66.67%). IG vs CG (p < 0.01) |
Tian (2017) [34] | 60 (30:30) | External application of indirect moxibustion + glucosamine 0.942 g/d (n = 30) | Glucosamine 0.942 g/d (n = 30) | Effective rate |
(I vs C, immediate post treatment) Effective rate: 56.67% vs 33.33%. IG vs CG (p < 0.05) |
Xiao (2017) [35] | 60 (30:30) | Moxibustion + intra-articular injection (sodium hyaluronate 2 mL/wk) (n = 30) | Intra-articular injection (sodium hyaluronate 2 mL/wk) (n = 30) | VAS |
(I vs C, 1 month after treatment) VAS: 3.81 ± 1.18 vs 3.98 ± 1.92. IG vs CG (p < 0.05) |
C, Control; CG, control group; EA, electroacupuncture; I, intervention; IG, intervention group; NRS, numeric rating scale; NS, not significant; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SF-36, medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey; VAS, visual analog scale; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index.
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